Read more on Khazaria.com
A Resource for Turkic and Jewish History in
Russia and Ukraine
ABOUT KHAZARIA.COM
The
Khazaria Info Center, established on May 5, 1995 by Kevin Alan Brook, author of
The Jews of Khazaria
(1st edition, 1999), is the leading Internet provider of information about the
Khazar Kingdom.
Medieval Kingdom of Khazaria, 650-1016
Over a thousand years ago, the
far east of Europe was ruled by Jewish kings who presided over numerous tribes,
including their own tribe: the Khazars. After their conversion, the Khazar
people used Jewish personal names, spoke and wrote in Hebrew, were circumcised,
had synagogues and rabbis, studied the Torah and Talmud, and observed Hanukkah,
Pesach, and the Sabbath.
- AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF KHAZARIA
- A summary of the history of the Khazars and their conversion to Judaism
in the 8th-10th centuries. Banner includes image of a Turkic warrior.
- An Introduction
to the History of Khazaria
- THE KHAZAR FORTRESS OF SARKEL
- Sarkel's fortress was one of Khazaria's most important, serving both as
a defensive structure and a trading caravan stopover. Includes images of the
layout of the fortress, a bronze warrior figurine, pottery, jewelry, and
other objects.
- The Khazar Fortress of
Sarkel
- KHAZARIA IMAGE GALLERY
- Includes images of Turkic runes, Turkic tribe symbols, a Khazar metal
disc with an engraving of the Star of David, Khazar-Saltovo amulets, a
depiction of an epic motif, and a map of Khazaria.
- Khazaria Image
Gallery
- THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR
- Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was
born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a
prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi
wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its
storyline upon the Khazars' Judaization.
- The Kuzari's
References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
- Cover Page of
1880 Warsaw Edition of The Kuzari
- The Poetry
and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi
- MEDIEVAL QUOTES ABOUT KHAZAR JUDAISM
- Judaism was practiced widely among Khazars, as these authentic quotes
from medieval chroniclers demonstrate.
- Medieval Quotes
About Khazar Judaism
- THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
- The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom
largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to
the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
- Excerpts from the
Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph
- TURKIC REPUBLICS AND COMMUNITIES
- The Khazars were linguistically affiliated with other Turkic peoples of
Eurasia. These links provide information about Azerbaijan, Bashkortostan,
Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, and other Turkic countries and regions.
- Turkic Republics
and Communities
- ARCHAEOLOGY AT BIRKA
- Birka, in eastern Sweden, was a major trading center in the medieval
period. Many Khazarian objects have been unearthed at Birka. This site
explains more about this amazing place.
- Birka at
the Silk Road
- Map of
European Trade Routes
- ARCHAEOLOGY ON THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA
- Excavations have been continuing at such Crimean sites as Sudak,
Chufut-Kale, Kara Tebe, Mangup, and Evpatoria, many of which were once ruled
by the Khazars. These pages provide maps, photographs and descriptions of
artifacts recovered, and historical narratives.
- Crimean
Archaeology
- HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
- This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the
history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and
Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar.
Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
- History of
the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea
Other Jewish Links
- EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWISH HISTORY DISCUSSION LIST
- Details on how to join the Eastern European Jewish History and Culture
e-mail discussion list.
- EEJH Discussion
List
- JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN EASTERN EUROPE
- Many communities of Jews exist in Eastern Europe today. It is estimated
that Russia currently has 450,000 Jews and Ukraine has 310,000 Jews.
However, Poland has only about 8000 Jews, and Bulgaria has only about 3000
Jews. The four major divisions of Eastern European Jewry are Galitzianers
(Polish and Austrian Galicia), Litvaks (Lithuania, Latvia, and Belarus),
Pollaks (Poland), and Ukrainskii Khazars (Ukraine).
RUSSIA
- Homepage of the Institute for Jewish
Studies in CIS
- Federation of Jewish Communities of the
C.I.S.
- The Rabbinical Alliance of the
C.I.S.
- Moscow Choral
Synagogue
- Yeshiva
"Tomchei-Tmimim" Lubavitch
- Die Geschichte
der Ostjuden: Russland - von Chaim Frank
BELARUS
- Belarus SIG (Jewish
Genealogy in Belarus)
LITHUANIA
- "What is a
Litvak?" by Saul Issroff
- Lithuania:
Looking Back - photographs by Laurence Salzmann
- The
Holocaust in Lithuania - essays
- Audio
CD - The Songs of World War II Jewish Resistance
POLAND
- WJC:
Jews in Poland
- History of
the Jews in Poland: From Early Times to 1800
- History of
the Jews in Poland: 1800 to 1939
- Polish
Synagogues
- Cyberroad: Jews
in Poland
- Polish-Jewish
Relations
- Jewish Community of
Poland
- Chaim Piast - Jewish
Submarine
UKRAINE
- Images of Ukrainian
Jews - photographs by Dmitry Peysakhov
- WJC:
Jews in Ukraine
- The Jewish Foundation of
Ukraine
- The All-Ukrainian Jewish
Congress
- The All-Ukrainian Jewish
Congress
- Jewish Communities of
Modern Ukraine
- Jewish Sites
in Ukrainian Towns
- Vinnitsa Region
Jewish Community
- Jewish Community Development
Fund Supports Ukrainian and Russian Jews
- Subcarpathian
Rus' Jewish Population
- Red
Book: The Krymchaks
- Diaspora Jews
in Ancient Greek Cities on the Crimea
MOLDOVA
- WJC:
Jews in Moldova
- Friends of Kishinev
Jewry
ROMANIA
- WJC:
Jews in Romania
- Audio
CD - Maramaros: The Lost Jewish Music of Transylvania
- Audio
CD - Yiddish Folksongs (from Bucharest)
- Jewish
Roots in Romania
- The
Last Jews of Radauti
- The "Dr. Moshe Carmilly"
Institute for Hebrew and Jewish History
- Jewish Community of
Iasi
- JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN CENTRAL EUROPE
- Today, Hungary has the 5th-largest Jewish population in Europe (70,000).
Most Hungarian Jews live along the Danube River in the city of Budapest.
Jews also live in other countries in the region.
HUNGARY
- WJC:
Jews in Hungary
- Budapest Main Synagogue
- Hungary Jewish Communication Center,
Budapest
- Magyar Zsidó
Honlap
- Zsidó Újság az Interneten -
Jewish News from Chabad-Lubavitch
- Szombat: Hungarian Jewish
Culture Periodical
- Lauder Javne Jewish Community School,
Budapest
- Memorial Museum of
Hungarian-Speaking Jewry
SLOVAKIA
- WJC:
Jews in Slovakia
- The Federation
of Jewish Communities in Slovakia
- The Museum
of Jewish Culture in Slovakia
CZECH
REPUBLIC
- WJC:
Jews in Czech Republic
- The Jewish Museum in Prague
- Project Judaica
Tour of Prague
AUSTRIA
- WJC:
Jews in Austria
- Jüdisches Museum der Stadt Wein
- Österreichisches
Jüdisches Museum
- Jüdisches Museum Hohenems
GERMANY
- WJC:
Jews in Germany
- Ha-Galil Online: Juden in
Deutschland
- JEWS OF THE CAUCASUS
- Learn about the Jews of Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Daghestan.
- WJC:
Jews in Azerbaijan
- The Jews of Kuba,
Azerbaijan
- WJC:
Jews in Georgia
- Red
Book: The Georgian Jews
- Red
Book: The Mountain Jews of the Caucasus
- JEWS OF TURKEY AND THE MIDDLE EAST
- Information on the history and traditions of Jews in Iran, Iraq, Turkey,
and other countries.
- Babylonian Jewry Heritage
Center
- The Jews of
Iran
- History
of the Turkish Jews
- The Star in
the Crescent: Jewish Life in Modern Turkey
- The
Jewish Community of Turkey
- MISCELLANEOUS
- Other places to visit.
- The Jewish Mall and
The Jewish Bazaar
- Beyond the
Pale: The History of Jews in Russia
- SunStrike -
Jewish/Russian Cultural Place
- Jews of New
York
- The Pogroms
Against the Jews
- Real Quotes and
Sayings from the Holocaust
- ShtetLinks -
Jewish communities around the world
- Yizkor Book
Project
- Maven - The Ultimate Jewish/Israel
Index
- HaReshima - The List of Jewish
and Israeli Sites
- Metzia - The Jewish Search
Directory
- Leonard Grossman's
Lengthy List of Jewish Links
- The Digital
Genizah
- University
of Delaware Library's Guide to Jewish Studies Internet Resources
- David
Dickerson's Jewish Cultural Links
- Over Three
Hundred Jewish Links
- Heshye
Engelsberg's Jewish Links
- Columbia
University Libraries: Jewish Studies
- Congregation Sons of
Israel - Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA
- Genesis in Glass -
The Gropper Windows
- Kulanu ("All of
Us") - Jews around the world
- The Conversion to Judaism Resource
Center
- National Yiddish Book
Center - Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Jewish
Community of Almaty, Kazakstan
- The
Khazar Heritage
Other Resources on Eastern Europe
Other History and Archaeology Links
Created @2000 by Roman N.
Tunkel. All Rights Reserved.
